Article 124 – Establishment
- Supreme Court of India established
- Composition:
- Chief Justice of India (CJI)
- Other Judges (initially up to 7)
Appointment
- Judges appointed by President
Tenure
- Retirement age → 65 years
- Resignation → to President
Qualification
- Citizen of India
- Either:
- Judge of High Court for 5 years
- Advocate of High Court for 10 years
- Or distinguished jurist
Removal
- By President after:
- Address by both Houses of Parliament
- Majority of total membership
- Grounds:
- Misbehaviour or incapacity
Other Points
- Oath before President
- Cannot practice law after becoming judge
Article 125 – Salary
- Salaries & allowances determined by Parliament
Article 126 – Acting CJI
- If CJI post vacant/absent → President appoints acting CJI
Article 127 – Ad Hoc Judges
- Appointed when quorum not available
- With consent of President
Article 128 – Retired Judges
- Retired judges can sit in SC
- With consent of President
Article 129 – Court of Record
- SC is Court of Record
- Has power to punish for contempt
Article 130 – Seat
- Seat → Delhi
- Can sit elsewhere with President approval
Article 131 – Original Jurisdiction
- Disputes between:
- Centre vs State(s)
- State vs State(s)
Article 132 – Constitutional Appeals
- Appeals from HC in constitutional matters
Article 133 – Civil Appeals
- Appeals in:
- Property
- Marriage
- Divorce
Article 134 – Criminal Appeals
- Appeals in:
- Theft
- Murder
- Criminal cases
Article 135 – Residual Jurisdiction
- SC can exercise Federal Court powers
Article 136 – Special Leave Petition (SLP)
- SC can grant special leave to appeal
Article 137 – Review Power
- SC can review its own judgments
Article 138 – Enlargement of Jurisdiction
- Parliament can extend SC jurisdiction
Article 139 – Writ Powers
- Parliament can give additional writ powers
Article 140 – Ancillary Powers
- Parliament can give additional powers
Article 141 – Binding Law
- SC judgments binding on all courts in India
Article 142 – Complete Justice
- SC can pass any order for complete justice
Article 143 – Advisory Jurisdiction
- President can seek advice from SC
Article 144 – Cooperation
- All authorities must act in aid of SC
Memory Tricks 🧠
- 124 → Birth of SC
- 125–130 → Structure & Admin
- 131–136 → Jurisdiction
- 137–140 → Powers
- 141–144 → Authority & Impact