Article 214 – High Courts
- There shall be High Courts for States
Article 215 – Court of Record
- High Courts are Courts of Record
- Have power of contempt
Article 216 – Constitution
- Consists of:
- Chief Justice
- Other Judges (as decided)
Article 217 – Appointment & Conditions
Appointment
- By President (with consultation → Collegium)
Tenure
- Resignation → President
Removal
- Same as Supreme Court Judges
- Grounds:
- Misbehaviour
- Incapacity
Qualification
- 10 years advocate of HC
- OR 10 years judicial office
Article 218
- SC provisions apply to High Courts
Article 219 – Oath
- Oath by Governor
Article 220 – Practice Restriction
- Permanent judge cannot practice law
Article 221 – Salary
- Salary → Consolidated Fund of State
- Pension → Consolidated Fund of India
Article 222 – Transfer
- Judge transfer by President
- With consultation of CJI
Article 223 – Acting Chief Justice
- Appointment of Acting CJ
Article 225 – Jurisdiction
- Original + Appellate + Writ jurisdiction
- Appellate jurisdiction wider than original
Article 226 – Writ Power
- Can issue writs for:
- Fundamental Rights
- Legal rights
- Points:
- HC writ power wider than SC
- HC can refuse writ (SC cannot)
Article 227 – Superintendence
- HC has control over all lower courts
Article 230 – Extension to UTs
- Parliament can extend HC jurisdiction to UTs
Article 231 – Common High Court
- One HC for two or more states (7th Amendment)
Article 233 – District Judges
- Appointment by Governor
- With consultation of High Court
Article 234 – Judicial Service
- Recruitment of other judicial officers
Memory Tricks 🧠
- 214–217 → Setup + Judges
- 218–223 → Service conditions
- 225–227 → Jurisdiction & power
- 230–231 → Structure (UT + Common HC)
- 233–234 → Lower judiciary