QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
Background Developments
Communal Award (1932)
- Announced by Ramsay MacDonald
- Introduced separate electorate for Depressed Classes
Poona Pact (1932)
- Agreement between Dr. B. R. Ambedkar & Gandhiji
- Mediated by Madan Mohan Malaviya in Yerwada Jail (Poona)
- Replaced separate electorate with reserved seats
- Aimed at Dalit representation
Government of India Act (1935)
- Abolished dyarchy in provinces
- Introduced dyarchy at centre
- Provided bicameral legislature
- Applied in 6 out of 11 provinces
Congress & Political Developments
Important Sessions
- 1936 Lucknow Session
- 1937 Faizpur Session → held in village
- 1938 Haripura Session → led by S. C. Bose
- 1939 Tripuri Session (Jabalpur)
Key Organizations
- All India Kisan Sabha (1936) → by Sahajanand Saraswati
- Congress Socialist Party (1934) → by J. P. Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, A. N. Dev, Minu Masani
Subhas Chandra Bose Events
- Won election against Pattabhi Sitaramayya (1939)
- Later resigned from Congress
- Formed All India Forward Bloc (1939)
- Focus on radical nationalism
World War II Impact
- Allied Powers → Britain, USA, USSR
- Axis Powers → Germany, Italy, Japan
- Congress demanded:
- Constituent Assembly
- Responsible Government
- Oct 1939 → Congress ministries resigned
British Proposals
August Offer (1940)
- Offered Dominion Status
- Rejected by Congress
Individual Satyagraha
- Started by Gandhiji
- 1st: Vinoba Bhave
- 2nd: Jawaharlal Nehru
Cripps Mission (1942)
- Led by Stafford Cripps
- Proposed Dominion Status
- Rejected by Indians
- Led to rise of Quit India demand
Quit India Movement (1942)
- Launched in 1942
- Aim: End British Rule immediately
- All leaders arrested on first day
- Became leaderless movement
Key Features
- Aruna Asaf Ali → President of CWC
- Massive public participation
Parallel Governments
- Ballia → led by Chittu Pandey
- Tamluk → Jatiya Sarkar
- Satara → Prati Sarkar
- Showed local self-rule against British
Indian National Army (INA)
- Founded by Mohan Singh (1942, Singapore)
- Later led by Subhas Chandra Bose (1943)
- Included women regiment (Rani Lakshmibai)
- Aimed for military freedom struggle
Towards Independence
End of World War II
- 15 Aug → Japan surrendered
- Weakened British control
Cabinet Mission Plan
- Sent by Clement Attlee (PM of Britain)
- Members: Cripps, A. V. Alexander, Pethick Lawrence
Direct Action Day (1946)
- 16 Aug 1946 → called by Jinnah
- Led to communal violence
Independence & Partition
Indian Independence Act (1947)
- Introduced by Lord Mountbatten
- Known as Mountbatten Plan / Partition Plan
- Led to partition of India & independence
Memory Tricks 🧠
- Flow:
1932 Award → 1935 Act → 1939 War → 1942 Quit India → 1947 Independence - Quit India features:
“Arrest–Leaderless–Parallel Govt” - INA:
“Mohan → Bose → Azad Hind”