SOCIALISM
Background
- Rise of Socialism in India influenced by Russian Revolution
- Inspired growth of leftist ideology & workers’ movements
Formation of Parties & Organizations
Communist Party of India (1920)
- Founded by M. N. Roy in Tashkent (Uzbekistan)
- First organised step towards communism in India
All India Trade Union Congress (1920)
- Founded by N. M. Joshi, Lala Lajpat Rai, Dewan Chaman Lal, Joseph Baptista
- Focused on workers’ rights & labour movements
Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case (1924)
- Leaders: S. A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani
- Case against spread of communist ideas in India
Caste & Social Reform Movements
Self-Respect Movement
- Started by E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)
- Against caste system & social inequality
Mahad Satyagraha (1927)
- Led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
- For Dalit rights and access to public water tanks
Revolutionary Activities (Punjab–UP–Bihar)
Hindustan Republican Association (1924)
- Founded in Kanpur
- Leaders: Ram Prasad Bismil, J. C. Chatterjee, Sachin Sanyal
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (1928)
- Formed at Feroz Shah Kotla
- Leaders: Chandra Shekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev
- Shift towards socialist revolutionary ideology
Key Revolutionary Events
- 1928 → Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru killed Saunders
- 1929 → Bomb in Central Legislative Assembly (Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar Dutt)
- 23 March 1931 → Execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru
Revolutionary Activities (Bengal)
Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930)
- Led by Surya Sen
- Attempt to overthrow British authority
Literature & Ideology
- Bandi Jiwan → by Sachin Sanyal
- Pather Dabi → by Sharat Chandra Chatterjee
- Philosophy of Bomb → by B. C. Vohra
- Helped spread revolutionary & socialist ideas
Memory Tricks 🧠
- 1920 Trio:
CPI + AITUC = Start of Socialism - Revolution groups:
HRA → HSRA (Republican → Socialist shift) - Key years:
1924 (HRA) → 1928 (HSRA) → 1930 (Chittagong) → 1931 (Execution)