Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament
- Parliament consists of:
- President
- Lok Sabha (Lower House / House of People)
- Rajya Sabha (Upper House / Council of States)
Lok Sabha
- Minimum age → 25 years
- 1st sitting → 17 April 1952
Rajya Sabha
- Minimum age → 30 years
- 1st sitting → 13 May 1952
Article 80 – Rajya Sabha Composition
- 12 members nominated by President
- From fields: Literature, Science, Art, Social Service
- Max 238 members → States & UTs
- Election:
- State representatives → elected by MLAs
- Method → Single Transferable Vote (STV)
- UT representation → as prescribed by Parliament
Article 81 – Lok Sabha Composition
- Max:
- 530 members → States
- 20 members → Union Territories
- Seats allocated based on population equality principle
Article 82 – Readjustment
- Delimitation after every census
Article 83 – Duration
- Rajya Sabha:
- Permanent body
- 1/3 members retire every 2 years
- Lok Sabha:
- Term → 5 years
- Can be dissolved earlier
Article 84 – Qualification
- Citizen of India
- Age:
- Rajya Sabha ≥ 30 years
- Lok Sabha ≥ 25 years
Article 85 – Sessions
- President:
- Summons Parliament
- Prorogues Houses
- Dissolves Lok Sabha
Article 86 – President’s Rights
- Can:
- Address either House or both Houses
- Send messages regarding Bills
Article 87 – Special Address
- President addresses both Houses:
- After general election
- At first session each year
Article 88 – Rights of Ministers & AG
- Can:
- Speak in either House
- Cannot:
- Vote (if not member)
Article 122 – Parliamentary Proceedings
- Courts cannot question proceedings of Parliament
Memory Tricks 🧠
- 79 → Structure (3 parts: President + 2 Houses)
- 80–81 → Composition (RS → LS)
- 82 → Census
- 83 → Duration
- 84 → Qualification
- 85–87 → President role
- 88 → Speaking rights
- 122 → No court interference