Parliament of India – Part V


Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament

  • Parliament consists of:
    • President
    • Lok Sabha (Lower House / House of People)
    • Rajya Sabha (Upper House / Council of States)

Lok Sabha

  • Minimum age → 25 years
  • 1st sitting → 17 April 1952

Rajya Sabha

  • Minimum age → 30 years
  • 1st sitting → 13 May 1952

Article 80 – Rajya Sabha Composition

  • 12 members nominated by President
    • From fields: Literature, Science, Art, Social Service
  • Max 238 members → States & UTs
  • Election:
    • State representatives → elected by MLAs
    • Method → Single Transferable Vote (STV)
  • UT representation → as prescribed by Parliament

Article 81 – Lok Sabha Composition

  • Max:
    • 530 members → States
    • 20 members → Union Territories
  • Seats allocated based on population equality principle

Article 82 – Readjustment

  • Delimitation after every census

Article 83 – Duration

  • Rajya Sabha:
    • Permanent body
    • 1/3 members retire every 2 years
  • Lok Sabha:
    • Term → 5 years
    • Can be dissolved earlier

Article 84 – Qualification

  • Citizen of India
  • Age:
    • Rajya Sabha ≥ 30 years
    • Lok Sabha ≥ 25 years

Article 85 – Sessions

  • President:
    • Summons Parliament
    • Prorogues Houses
    • Dissolves Lok Sabha

Article 86 – President’s Rights

  • Can:
    • Address either House or both Houses
    • Send messages regarding Bills

Article 87 – Special Address

  • President addresses both Houses:
    • After general election
    • At first session each year

Article 88 – Rights of Ministers & AG

  • Can:
    • Speak in either House
  • Cannot:
    • Vote (if not member)

Article 122 – Parliamentary Proceedings

  • Courts cannot question proceedings of Parliament

Memory Tricks 🧠

  • 79 → Structure (3 parts: President + 2 Houses)
  • 80–81 → Composition (RS → LS)
  • 82 → Census
  • 83 → Duration
  • 84 → Qualification
  • 85–87 → President role
  • 88 → Speaking rights
  • 122 → No court interference

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