🌐 Latitude & Longitude – Short Study Notes

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### 🌍 Latitude

#### 📌 Definition

• Imaginary horizontal lines running East to West
• Show angular distance from Equator

#### 📏 Key Facts

• Distance between latitudes is equal everywhere
• 1° latitude = 111 km (approx)

#### 🔢 Numbers

• Total latitudes → 181
• Largest → Equator
• Smallest → Poles (North & South)

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### 🌎 Longitude

#### 📌 Definition

• Imaginary vertical lines running North to South
• Show angular distance from Prime Meridian

#### 📏 Key Facts

• Distance between longitudes varies (pole → equator)
• Least distance at poles → 0 km
• Maximum at equator → 111.32 km

#### 🔢 Numbers

• Total longitudes → 360
• All longitudes divide Earth into 2 equal parts

#### 🌍 Prime Meridian

• 0° longitude, passes through Greenwich (London)
• Crosses 8 countries → UK, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, Ghana

#### 🌏 International Date Line

• 180° longitude, zig-zag line
• Used for date change

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### ☀️ Solstice & Equinox

#### 🌞 Solstice

• Summer Solstice → Sun rays on North Pole for 6 months
• Winter Solstice → Sun rays on South Pole for 6 months

#### ⚖️ Equinox

• Sun rays fall directly on Equator
• Day & night are equal

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### 🌘 Eclipse

• Solar Eclipse → Moon blocks Sun
• Lunar Eclipse → Earth blocks Sun’s light on Moon

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### 🌕 Super Moon

• Occurs during Lunar Eclipse + Perigee
• Moon appears bigger than usual

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🧠 Memory Tricks

• “Lat = Flat” → Latitude = horizontal lines
• “Long = Long pole to pole” → vertical lines
• “111 Rule” → 1° ≈ 111 km
• “0° Greenwich = Start” → Prime Meridian
• “180° Date Change” → International Date Line