Overview
- Part V → The Union
- Chapter 1 → Executive
- Chapter 2 → Parliament
- Chapter 3 → Legislative Power of President
- Chapter 4 → Judiciary
- Chapter 5 → CAG
- Head of Indian Union
- 1st Citizen of India
Article 52 – President
- India shall have a President
Article 53 – Executive Power
- Executive power vested in President
- Supreme Commander of Defence Forces
Article 54 – Election of President
- Elected by:
- Elected MPs (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha)
- Elected MLAs of States
Article 55 – Manner of Election
- Indirect election
- Proportional Representation
- Single Transferable Vote (STV)
- Secret ballot
Article 56 – Term
- 5 years term
- Resignation → Vice President
Article 57 – Re-election
- Eligible for re-election
Article 58 – Qualifications
- Citizen of India
- Age ≥ 35 years
- Eligible to be Lok Sabha member
- Must not hold office of profit
Article 59 – Conditions of Office
- Cannot be:
- Member of Parliament or State Legislature
- Salary & allowances not reduced during tenure
Article 60 – Oath
- Oath before:
- Chief Justice of India
- Or senior-most SC judge
Article 61 – Impeachment
- For violation of Constitution
- Initiated by either House of Parliament
- Conditions:
- 14 days notice
- Signed by 1/4 members
- Passed by 2/3 majority
Article 62 – Vacancy
- Election before term ends
- In case of:
- Death / Resignation / Removal
→ Acting President: - Vice President
- Or CJI / SC Judge
- Death / Resignation / Removal
Article 72 – Pardoning Power
- Can grant:
- Pardon
- Reprieve
- Respite
- Remission
- Commute sentence
- Can pardon death sentence
Memory Tricks 🧠
- 52–62 → Full President Flow
- 52 → Exists
- 53 → Power
- 54–55 → Election
- 56–57 → Term
- 58–60 → Qualification + Oath
- 61 → Impeachment
- 62 → Vacancy
- 72 → Mercy Power (7 letters → 72)