Making of Constitution of india

Demand of Constituent Assembly

Timeline

• 1934 – M.N. Roy → first idea of CA
• 1935 – Congress → officially demanded
• 1936 – J.L. Nehru (Lucknow Session) → strong support
• 1940 – August Offer (Linlithgow) → demand accepted (but rejected by Congress & Muslim League)

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Cabinet Mission Plan

Members

• Pethick Lawrence (Chairman)
• A.V. Alexander, Stafford Cripps

Timeline

• 1945 – Britain accepted plan
• 1946 – implemented in India

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Constituent Assembly

Key Events

• 9 Dec 1946 → 1st meeting (211 members)
• 13 Dec 1946 → Objective Resolution (Nehru)
• 22 Jan 1947 → Resolution adopted

Structure

• Committees → 8 Major + 13 Minor

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Drafting Committee

Formation

• 29 Aug 1947 → formed
• Chairman: B.R. Ambedkar

Members (7)

• Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
• N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
• Muhammad Saadullah
• K.M. Munshi
• B.L. Mitter → replaced by N. Madhav Rau
• D.P. Khaitan → replaced by T.T. Krishnamachari

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Important Drafts

Stages

• 1st Draft (9–23 Dec 1946) → initial framework
• 10th Draft (6–17 Oct 1949) → near final
• 11th Draft (14–26 Nov 1949) → final discussion
• Final Draft (4 Nov 1948) → presented by B.R. Ambedkar

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Constitution

Completion

• Time taken: 2 yrs 11 months 17 days

Adoption & Enforcement

• Adopted: 26 Nov 1949 → legal approval
• Enforced: 26 Jan 1950 → became operational

Other Features

• Some provisions enforced earlier → Citizenship, Elections, Provisional Parliament
• Symbol: Elephant → strength

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Decoration & Calligraphy

Decoration

• Nandalal Bose, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha → artwork

Calligraphy

• Prem Bihari Narain Raizada (English)
• Vasant Kumar Vaidya (Hindi)

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Function of Assembly

Constitution Maker

• President: Rajendra Prasad
• Temporary President: Sachidananda Sinha

Law Maker

• President: G.V. Mavalankar
• Vice Presidents: V.T. Krishnamachari, H.C. Mukherjee

Advisors

• Legal Adviser: B.N. Rao
• Chief Draftsman: S.N. Mukherjee

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Important Dates

Key Events

• 22 July 1947 → National Flag adopted
• May 1949 → Commonwealth membership

Final Phase (24 Jan 1950)

• National Anthem: Jana Gana Mana (Tagore)
• National Song: Vande Mataram (Bankim Chandra)
• Rajendra Prasad → 1st President elected
• 284 members signed Constitution (15 women)

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Committees

Major Committees

• Union Power Committee – Nehru
• Union Constitution Committee – Nehru
• States Committee – Nehru
• Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Patel
• Advisory Committee (FR, Minorities) – Sardar Patel
• Drafting Committee – B.R. Ambedkar
• Rules Committee & Steering Committee – Rajendra Prasad

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Minor Committees

• Functions of CA – G.V. Mavalankar
• Citizenship – S. Varadachari
• Press Gallery – Usha Nath Sen
• Credentials – Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
• Order of Business – K.M. Munshi
• Finance & Staff – Rajendra Prasad
• Chief Commissioners’ Provinces – B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
• Supreme Court – S. Varadachari
• Financial Provisions – Nalini Ranjan Sarkar
• Draft Examination – Nehru
• Linguistic Provinces – S.K. Dar
• National Flag – Rajendra Prasad

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🔥 Memory Tricks

• “1934–40 = Demand Phase” → Roy → Congress → Nehru → August Offer
• “1946–50 = Making Phase” → CA → Draft → Adopt → Enforce
• “Ambedkar = Drafting”, “Nehru = Committees”, “Patel = Integration”